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Bias and discrimination in patient safety investigations

Patient safety investigations are a critical mechanism for learning from harm. However, evidence and lived experience show that racial bias and discrimination are routinely overlooked, leading to inequitable outcomes for racially minoritised patients, families and the healthcare workforce. This summary draws on insights from a national roundtable convened by HSSIB and the NHS Race and Health Observatory (November 2025), involving people with lived experience, regulators, policymakers, clinicians and system leaders.

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